Nose Cancer

Nose cancer, also known as nasal cancer or paranasal sinus cancer, is an uncommon form of cancer that occurs in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. These are hollow spaces in the bones around the nose and behind the facial area, which are responsible for producing mucus, reducing the weight of the skull, and influencing the tone of our voice. Due to its rarity and the complexity of the nasal and sinus structures, nose cancer can be challenging to diagnose and treat.

Types of Nose Cancer

Nose cancer can be classified based on the type of cells where the cancer begins. The main types include:

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The most common type, originating in the squamous cells that line the nasal cavity and sinuses.
• Adenocarcinoma: Arises from the glandular cells in the nasal cavity that produce mucus.
• Sarcoma: Begins in the bone, muscle, or cartilage tissues of the nasal cavity and sinuses.
• Melanoma: Originates in the pigment-producing cells of the nasal passages.
• Esthesioneuroblastoma: A rare type that starts in the olfactory nerves, which are responsible for the sense of smell.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of nose cancer is not fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified:

• Occupational Exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals or dust, particularly in industries like woodworking, leatherworking, and shoe manufacturing, has been linked to an increased risk.
• Tobacco Use: Smoking or chewing tobacco can raise the risk of nasal and sinus cancers.
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Some nasal and sinus cancers have been associated with HPV infection.
• Previous Radiation Therapy: Exposure to radiation in the head and neck area for other medical treatments can increase the risk.